Diabetic Nephropathy



Nephropathy – Nephro refers to kidney and Pathy means disorder in particular part of the body. So Nephropathy means damage to kidney.

Diabetic Nephropathy refers to damage to kidney caused by prolonged uncontrolled status of sugar in blood.

Kidneys have many tiny blood vessels that filter waste material from your blood. High levels of blood sugar can destroy these  blood vessels and kidneys become unable to perform its functions normally. It leads to accumulation of waste materials in the body and excretion of excess protein through urine. Gradually it may stop working completely, this is called kidney failure or renal failure.

Risk factors

-- Long standing diabetes and uncontrolled status
-- Hypertension
 --High cholesterol
--patients who have family history of renal disease.

Symptoms

--Swelling in hands and feet (shoaf)
--Increase in blood pressure due to advanced structural damage to the kidneys
--Foamy appearance of urine (fenmeha) caused by proteinuria ------
--Anorexia (aruchi)
--Nausea /vomiting (avipakam and chardi)
--Headache (shiroshool)
--Unintentional body weight gain from fluid accumulation.
--Malaise (aangmard)
 --Frequent hiccups (hikka)

Investigations

--Urine analysis shows glucose in urine.
--Microalbuminuria test positive. Normal range less than 30mg /24hrs
--Alteration in Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels
--Biopsy later on if required with progress in renal dysfunctioning


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